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            《最新更新日: Feb 16, 2021》

日本の資本主義の父: 渋沢栄一 
 Shibusawa Eiichi: Father of Japanese Capitalism

☆ページ内リンク☆
The reasonn why I got interested in Shibusawa Eiichi

私が渋沢栄一について興味を持った理由


英文記事:Shibusawa Eiichi: Japan's Moral Capitalist
 「渋沢栄一/ 日本の道徳的に立派な資本主義者」

上記英文記事のスラッシュリーディングと解説

☆関連ページへのリンク☆
渋沢栄一についてウイキペディアなどの情報を転載したページ

北区飛鳥山公園内の渋沢資料館のgoogle map

渋沢栄一記念財団 (公式サイト)

Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation (Official Site)

渋沢栄一デジタル・ミュージアム(深谷

Nippon.com / Your Doorway to Japan / Culture Oct23, 2017
Shibusawa Eiichi: Japan's Moral Capitalist


Nippon.com/ Your Doorway to Japan/ Jan 5, 2017
The “Analects” and the Abacus: The Contemporary Relevance of Shibusawa Eiichi’s Business Philosophy

The reasonn why I got interested in Shibusawa Eiichi:
  Jan 25, 2021

I got interested in Shibusawa Eiichi several years ago, when I visited Shibusawa Eiichi Museum in Asukayama Park, Kita Ward, Tokyo. Of course he is a famous person as the father of Japanese capitalism, but I didn't know about him so much at that time.

What surprised me the most is that at the end of the Edo period he was a vassal of the Tokugawa shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration many important govenmental posts were obtained by people who supported Kan-gun organized by mainly Satsuma (Kagoshima Pref.) and Choshu (Yamaguchi Pref.) military, which destroyed the Tokugawa shogunate. In other words he used to be an enemy of new Japanese government of Meiji Era. I wonder why he could do such a thing.

Moreover, at the museum, I found a piece of picture which informed me of his incredible popularity. It showed his funeral procession surrounded by so many people from the young to the old, the poor to the rich, lining up and mourning over his death. It was such an impressive scene to me. He passed away in 1931 (6th Year of Showa) at the age of 91years old. His longevity also astonished me.

From this article, I found Shibusawa repaid an obligation to Tokugawa Yoshinobu, his former master, by restoring Yoshinobu's prestige and making him a duke in 1902. I love the words "Giri to Ninjyo (obligation and empathy?)", so that episode also became my favorite.

A portrait used in the 10,000 yen note is to be changed from Fukuzawa Yukichi to Shibusawa Eiichi from 2024. Shibusawa went to France following Yoshinobu's brother, Tokugawa Akitake, to participate in the International Exposition held in 1867. That's why Shibusawa got to know the world and expanded his knowledge.

The 60th NHK Taiga historical drama, 'Seiten wo Tsuke', is to premiere on February 14, 2021. Yoshizawa Ryo is to star in the drama as Shibusawa and Kusanagi Tsuyoshi, a member of SMAP, is to act as Tokugawa Yoshinobu. I'm really looking forward to seeing it!

vassal=サる=家臣、配下≒retainer=保持者、家臣、家来
funeral procession=葬列
longevity=(並外れた)長寿、寿命

justice=正義 duty=義務、義理 obligation=義務、恩義
repay an obligation=恩に報いる
empathy=感情移入、共感

premiere=プレアー=初日(の)、(vt)~を封切る、(vs)初演される、封切られる
star (in)=(~に)主演する



私が渋沢栄一について興味を持った理由
   (2021年1月25日)

 私が渋沢栄一に興味を持ったのは、数年前に東京都北区の飛鳥山公園内にある渋沢資料館を訪れてからです。もちろん渋沢は日本資本主義の父として有名ですが、実のところそれほど詳しくは知りませんでした。

 一番驚いたのは、渋沢が幕臣だったことです。明治維新後の政府の主要ポストは、官軍であった薩長の武士を中心に占められていたはずですから、渋沢が主要閣僚に就いていたことは衝撃でした。

 さらに博物館で、1枚の驚きの写真を見つけました。それは渋沢の葬列の写真なのですが、多くの人が列になり、老若男女、貧富の差なく、悲しみに暮れながら車列を見送るという、とても印象的な場面で、渋沢がいかに人々に愛されていたかを改めて知りました。昭和6年(1931年)、91歳での逝去でしたが、当時としてはとても長命だったことにも驚きました。

 この記事を読んで、渋沢が、1902年に主君であった徳川慶喜公を公爵にするなど、名誉回復に尽くし、恩に報いたことを知り、彼を益々好きになりました。私の好きな言葉は「義理と人情」ですから。


 2024年度発行予定の新紙幣の1万円札に使われる肖像は、福沢諭吉から渋沢栄一に変更になります。渋沢は、1867年のパリ万博に参加する慶喜の弟昭武に随行しました。それが彼の見聞を大きく広げたのでしょう。
 
 NHK大河ドラマ第60作「青天を衝け」は、2121年2月14日から放送予定で、吉沢亮さんが渋沢役で主演し、SMAPの草彅剛さんが徳川慶喜を演じます。もう、見るのが待ちきれません。





英文記事:Shibusawa Eiichi: Japan's Moral Capitalist
「渋沢栄一/ 日本の道徳的に立派な資本主義者」
 元記事はこちら/Nippon.com / Your Doorway to Japan / Culture Oct23, 2017

①~⑥の数字を、クリックかタップすると解説へ飛べます。 少し読みにくい4つの文に下線を引いているので、スラッシュリーディングと直訳にも挑戦してみてください。

Meiji-era entrepreneur and business leader Shibusawa Eiichi established and helped run over 500 banks and commercial enterprises during his lifetime, earning the reputation as the “father of Japanese capitalism.” But he also believed that morality and economic activity were inseparable and that public interest should come before profits. Using this doctrine, he was involved with some 600 social welfare organizations. The Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Museum in Tokyo tells the story of the influential industrialist and philanthropist.


Capitalism of the Heart
Prominent Meiji-era business leader Shibusawa Eiichi (1840–1931) helped lay the foundation of Japan’s modern corporate and financial might, coming to be known as the “father of Japanese capitalism.” Far from stressing profits, though, he espoused a doctrine of moral and economic harmony and encouraged commercial enterprises to put the public interest before monetary returns.


The Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Museum inside Asukayama Park in northern Tokyo tells the life story of the influential thinker and business leader. The current building, which opened in 1998, stands on the site of Shibusawa’s former elegant Western-style residence, a place where he spent his autumn years. Adjacent to the museum are the century-old Bankōro tea room and Seienbunko library, places where Shibusawa hosted business leaders and influential dignitaries. Both structures are designated important cultural properties.

Recently, Shibusawa’s doctrine of prioritizing public interest has enjoyed a revival as many in the corporate world reevaluate the short-term, profit-driven goals that led to the 2008 global financial crisis.

According to museum director Inoue Jun, there has been a steady uptick in visitors over the last few years, including business executives from neighboring countries such as China, South Korea, and Taiwan. Inoue explains that Shibusawa’s Confucian-influenced ideas have come to garner broad attention across East Asia. “This is particularly true in China where economic growing pains have sparked renewed interest in the Analects of Confucius among the younger generation,” he says, pointing out that a recent Chinese translation of Shibusawa’s Rongo to soroban (The Analects and the Abacus) has been warmly received. He also explains that scholarly interest in Shibusawa is on the rise. “In 2006, Central China Normal University in Wuhan, China, named a research center after Shibusawa, and Missouri State University in the United States created a course covering his life and ideas.”


Promoting Public Interest First

Shibusawa was born on February 13, 1840, the eldest son of an affluent family in the village of Chiaraijima, now part of Fukaya, Saitama Prefecture. He developed an eye for business early on helping with the family’s farm and indigo business. He began studying history and the Chinese classics at age seven under the tutelage of his cousin Odaka Junchū, who later headed the Tomioka Silk Mill, a pioneering modern factory that Shibusawa helped establish. In his early twenties he traveled to Edo, now Tokyo, between growing seasons, studying at various schools, including that of prominent Confucian scholar Kaiho Gyoson and Genbukan, an influential swordsmanship academy run by Chiba Michisaburō.


In 1867 Shibusawa journeyed to Europe as part of the shogunal delegation led by Yoshinobu’s younger brother Tokugawa Akitake to the Paris World Fair. He did not return to Japan immediately after the exhibition, but instead spent a year and a half traveling the continent, observing firsthand the social and economic systems of leading Western countries.

Following his return, Shibusawa, still in the service of Yoshinobu, went with the Tokugawa clan when it was relocated to the Shizuoka domain at the start of the Meiji era (1868–1912). Using what he had learned in his overseas travels, he founded one of Japan’s first joint-stock companies, Shōhō Kaisho. His business acumen quickly caught the eye of the new government, who asked him to join the Ministry of Finance. He went on to hold a number of other high-ranking posts while a bureaucrat, helping lay the legal and administrative groundwork of Japan’s modern corporate and financial systems.


After leaving government in 1873, Shibusawa focused his energy and business know-how into private-sector enterprises. Over his lifetime he founded and helped run roughly 500 companies, largely in the financial sector. One of his most enduring legacies is the establishment of the First National Bank, the forerunner of financial giant Mizuho Bank.

While an accomplished entrepreneur, Shibusawa also strongly believed that morality and business were inseparable, and he made immense contributions to bolstering the well-being of society. He was involved in roughly 600 charitable organizations and activities, focusing on education and public welfare, and remained a steadfast philanthropist until his death in 1931 at the age of 91.


Unwavering Determination

Shibusawa lived in a time of turbulent change. He began as an advocate of anti-foreign sentiment, but recognizing the momentum of history he came to embrace Western ideas. He joined the new government that overthrew the feudal regime he had once served. Although his switching of allegiance may seem to some as an unprincipled move, Shibusawa was in fact a man of firm convictions. Throughout his life he held an unwavering dedication to serve the public interest, bowing as needed to prevailing circumstances and putting the welfare of society firmly before personal gain.

There are countless episodes that illustrate his resolve, but his dedication to his one-time master Yoshinobu in particular stands out. Shibusawa believed that even as the nation moved in a new direction, it was vital to keep a clear record of the past. At personal expense he compiled the biography of the former shōgun, publishing it in 1918 after a quarter century of work. In addition, he tirelessly fought to restore Yoshinobu’s prestige, and at Shibusawa’s urging the Meiji government in 1902 beckoned Yoshinobu from exile and made him a duke.

Inoue describes the significance of Shibusawa’s biography: “The work was not only a story of Yoshinobu, but of the tumultuous period leading up to and directly following the Meiji Restoration. Shibusawa was not immune to the changes that were taking place at the time, but he remained loyal at heart. I think the vast time and resources he spent collecting and sifting through mountains of documents is testament to the firmness of his thoughts and convictions.”

Shibusawa’s legacy of promoting public welfare is best showcased by his involvement at Tokyo Yōikuin, a facility that supported orphans, elderly, and the disabled. He first became involved with the institute in 1874, helping improve operations before taking over as director in 1876. He went on to hold the post for more than half a century until his death.

“His long tenure as director of Tokyo Yōikuin greatly influenced Shibusawa,” says Inoue. “Early in his career he believed that a strengthened Japanese economy would raise all boats. But in reality it had the opposite effect. Disparity increased, and as more people were left behind the need for social welfare projects grew. Shibusawa saw the darker side of private enterprise firsthand, and it stirred him to support social initiatives. While he is known for promoting capitalism, he didn’t call it that, preferring to use the term collectivism.”


Shibusawa’s Humanism

Along with Tokyo Yōikuin, Shibusawa was involved with a variety of other health and welfare institutions, including Hakuaisha, the forerunner of the Japanese Red Cross. In the wake of the Great Kantō Earthquake in 1923 he helped establish and run an organization to involve private citizens in relief and recovery efforts. Undaunted by age, he remained active in different projects late into his life.

Shibusawa had a great interest in promoting business and women’s education. He set up Japan’s first trade school, which later became the prestigious Hitotsubashi University. He also served in such positions as head the Tokyo Jogakkan School for Women and Japan Women’s University.

Private sector diplomacy is another aspect of Shibusawa’s legacy. Shibusawa was especially influential in mending relationships between Japan and the United States following a rift opened by the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–5. Alarmed by the growing discrimination directed at Japanese immigrants to the United States, the US Committee on World Friendship Among Children in 1927 sent some 12,000 “friendship dolls” collected from around the country to Japan. As chairman of the Japanese chapter of the organization, Shibusawa accepted the gifts and sent 58 Japanese dolls in return.







スラッシュリーディングと解説
文法的には読みやすい文章ですが、特にわからない文が出てきたら、スラッシュを多めに引いて内容を理解しながら読み進めてみてください。こちらに引いているスラッシュは、あくまで目安です。 スラッシュリーディング解説はこちら

本文中、簡単な分詞構文が多用されているので、未履修の人やわからなくなってしまった人は、分詞構文の解説を読んでみてください。

今回、訳は一部のみになっています。訳に関して質問がある方は、わからない英文を抜き出し、メールか掲示板にお寄せください。

Shibusawa Eiichi: Japan's Moral Capitalist
 /Nippon.com / Your Doorway to Japan / Culture Oct23, 2017
渋沢栄一: 日本の道徳的な資本主義者

Meiji-era entrepreneur and business leader Shibusawa Eiichi (渋沢栄一)/ established and helped run over 500 banks and commercial enterprises/ during his lifetime,/ earning the reputation as the “father of Japanese capitalism (日本資本主義の父).”
But he also believed /
that morality and economic activity were inseparable and /that public interest should come before profits. (道徳経済合一主義 *同格を導く2つのthatに注意
Using this
doctrine, /he was involved with some 600 social welfare organizations.
The Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Museum in Tokyo /tells the story of the influential
industrialist and philanthropist.
 entrepreneur=ントラパーア
 =
起業家、実業家(≒industrialist/産業経営者、資本家)
 morality=モりティ=道徳(性)、倫理(性)

 doctrine
=教義、教え、理論
 philanthropist=ふィンそロピストゥ=慈善家、博愛主義者
 philanthoropic=博愛主義の、慈善事業の



Capitalism of the Heart
人情の資本主義

Prominent Meiji-era (明治時代の)business leader Shibusawa Eiichi (1840–1931) /helped lay the foundation of Japan’s modern corporate and financial
might, /coming to be known as the “father of Japanese capitalism.”
Far from stressing profits, though,/ he espoused a doctrine of moral and economic harmony/ and encouraged commercial enterprises/ to put the public interest /before monetary returns.
《直訳》利益を強調することから遠く(→決して利益に重点を置くのではないが)/彼は道徳と経済の調和の教義を支持し/営利企業が次の事をすることを奨励しました/公共の利益を置くことを/金銭的収益の前に。 *espousedとencouragedが同格
 might=力(=force)、実力、勢力(=power)
 espouse=エスポウズ=~を支持する(=support)

The Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Museum inside Asukayama Park (飛鳥山公園) in northern Tokyo/ tells the life story of the influential thinker and business leader.
The current building, /which opened in 1998, /stands on the site of Shibusawa’s former elegant Western-style residence, /a place where he spent his autumn years.
Adjacent to the museum/ are the century-old Bankōro tea room (晩香蘆)and Seienbunko library (青淵文庫), /places where Shibusawa hosted business leaders and influential dignitaries.
Both structures are designated important cultural properties.
Recently, /Shibusawa’s doctrine of prioritizing public interest/ has enjoyed a revival// as many in the corporate world/ reevaluate the short-term, profit-driven goals/ that led to the 2008 global financial crisis.
《直訳》
最近/公共の利益を優先させる(ことの)渋沢の教義は/復活を楽しんできています(≒has had a revival →大いに見直されてきています)//大企業の世界の多くが/短期の、利益に駆られたゴールを再評価する中で/2008年の世界金融危機につながった(ゴールを)。

 adjacent to =アジェイサントゥ =~に隣接した、~の近くにある
  (close to/next toより堅い)
 dignitaries =ディグニタリーズ=高僧、高位の人 dignitary=高位の、名誉ある

 doctrine =競技、主義、学説、教え、規則
 prioritize =プライ
リタイズ=~を優先させる
 reevaluate =《自/他》~を再評価する

According to museum director Inoue Jun, /there has been a steady
uptick in visitors over the last few years, /including business executives from neighboring countries/ such as China, South Korea, and Taiwan.
Inoue explains /that Shibusawa’s
Confucian-influenced ideas/ have come to garner broad attention across East Asia.
“This is particularly true in China/ where economic growing pains have sparked renewed interest/ in the 
Analects of Confucius among the younger generation,” /he says,/ pointing out/ that a recent Chinese translation of Shibusawa’s Rongo to soroban (The Analects and the Abacus=論語と算盤))/ has been warmly received.
He also explains/ that scholarly interest in Shibusawa/ is on the rise.
“In 2006, /Central China Normal University in Wuhan (武漢), China,/ named a research center after Shibusawa,/ and Missouri State University in the United States// created a course covering his life and ideas.”
 uptick
=上昇傾向の相場取引、上向き
 Confucian =コンふューシャンヌ=孔子の、儒教の
 Confucius =コンふューシャス=孔子 (551-479BC)
 garner =ガナー=~を集める、(利益など)を得る
 analects =ナれクス=《複数扱い/有名人などの名言を集めた》選集、語録


Promoting Public Interest First
公共の利益を一番に増進すること

Shibusawa was born on February 13, 1840, /the eldest son of an affluent family in the village of Chiaraijima (血洗島),/ now part of Fukaya (深谷), Saitama Prefecture.
He developed an eye for business early/ on helping with the family’s farm and indigo business (藍玉の製造販売).
He began studying history and the Chinese classics at age seven/ under the
tutelage of his cousin Odaka Junchū (尾高惇忠),/ who later headed the Tomioka Silk Mill (富岡製糸場), /a pioneering modern factory/ that Shibusawa helped establish.
In his early twenties/ he traveled to Edo (江戸), /now Tokyo, /between growing seasons,/ studying at various schools, /including that of prominent Confucian scholar Kaiho Gyoson (海保漁村)/ and Genbukan (玄武館),/ an influential
swordsmanship academy/ run by Chiba Michisaburō (千葉道三郎/千葉周作の三男).
 tutelage=トュータれッジ=後見、監督(guardianship)、指導(instruction)
 swordsman=スウォーズマンヌ=剣士、武士
 swordsmanship
=剣術、剣道

In 1867/ Shibusawa journeyed to Europe/ as part of the shogunal
delegation /led by Yoshinobu’s (慶喜)younger brother Tokugawa Akitake (徳川昭武)/ to the Paris World Fair (パリ万国博覧会).
He did not return to Japan immediately after the exhibition,/ but instead spent a year and a half/ traveling the continent, /observing
firsthand the social and economic systems/ of leading Western countries.
 delegation=デりゲイションヌ=U/代表派遣、C/派遣団
 firsthand=直接、じかに=(at) first hand=directly

Following his return,/ Shibusawa,/ s
till in the service of Yoshinobu,/ went with the Tokugawa clan (徳川家)/ when it was relocated to the Shizuoka domain(静岡藩)/ at the start of the Meiji era (明治時代/1868–1912).
Using what he had learned in his overseas travels,/ he founded one of Japan’s first joint-stock companies,/ Shōhō Kaisho (商法会所).
His
business acumen (≒business insight)/quickly caught the eye of the new government,/ who asked him to join the Ministry of Finance (大蔵省).
He went on to hold a number of other high-ranking posts while a bureaucrat,/ helping lay the legal and administrative groundwork/ of Japan’s modern corporate and financial systems.
 in service=使われて(いる)、軍務に服して、《やや古》召使奉公をして
 clan=クンヌ=氏族、一門

 domain
=ドインヌ=領地、所有地
 acumen=アキューマンヌ

 =鋭さ(sharpness)、そつのなさ(shrewdness)、洞察力(insight)
 business acumen=実務の才覚


After leaving government in 1873, /Shibusawa focused his energy and business
know-how /into private-sector enterprises.
Over his lifetime/ he founded and helped run roughly 500 companies,/ largely in the financial sector.
One of his most
enduring legacies/ is the establishment of the First National Bank (第一国立銀行→第一勧業銀行→みずほ銀行),/ the forerunner of financial giant Mizuho Bank.
 know-how=専門的知識、技術情報
 enduring=不朽の、恒久的な

While an accomplished entrepreneur,/ Shibusawa also strongly believed/ that
morality and business were inseparable (道徳と商売は切り離せない→道徳と経済の両立)),/ and he made immense contributions/ to bolstering the well-being of society.
He was involved in roughly 600 charitable organizations and activities,/ focusing on education and public welfare,/ and remained a
steadfast philanthropist/ until his death in 1931 at the age of 91.
 well-being=《名詞/正式》幸福、福利、健康
 social well-being=社会福祉

 steadfast=スッドふァスト=《形/ほめて》忠実な、忠実に尽くす
 philanthropist=ふィンそロピストゥ=慈善家、博愛主義者


Unwavering Determination
揺るがない決意

Shibusawa lived in a time of
turbulent change.
He began as an advocate of
anti-foreign sentiment (攘夷派),/ but recognizing the momentum of history/ he came to embrace Western ideas.
He joined the new government/ that overthrew the feudal regime/ he had once served.
Although his switching of
allegiance/ may seem to some (people)/ as an unprincipled move,// Shibusawa was in fact a man of firm convictions.
Throughout his life/ he held an unwavering dedication/ to serve the public interest,/ bowing as needed to prevailing circumstances/ and putting the welfare of society firmly/ before personal gain.
《直訳》 彼の人生を通して/彼は不動の献身を続けました/公共の利益に尽くすために/必要に応じて優勢な状況に従いながら
(「bow to=~に従う」の間に「as needed=必要とされるように→必要に応じて」という言葉が挿入されている)/そして社会の福祉をしっかりと考えながら/個人の利益の前に。(bowingとputtingが同格で、分詞構文)

 unwavering =不動の、動揺しない (waver=《動》揺れる)
 turbulen
t =ービュらントゥ=荒れ狂う、騒々しい
 anti-foreigner =《形/名》外国人排斥(の)
 sentiment
=感情、心情
 momentum =モウンタム=勢い、運動量、契機(opportunity/chance)
 embrace =エンブ
=~を抱きしめる、~に喜んで応じる(accept willingly)
 allegiance =アージャンス
=忠誠、献身 (≒loyalty/愛着による忠誠
 unprinciple
d =道徳観念のない、無節操な(inconstant)
 conviction =確信、信念

 a man of firm convictions =強い信念のある人

 dedication =献身、奉納
 prevail =《自》打ち勝つ、優先する、普及する、
 prevailing =《形》広く行き渡っている、流行した(current)、優勢な

There are countless episodes/ that illustrate his
resolve,/ but his dedication to his one-time master Yoshinobu/ in particular stands out.
Shibusawa believed/ that even as the nation moved in a new direction,/ it was
vital /to keep a clear record of the past.
At personal expense/ he compiled the biography of the former shōgun,/ publishing it in 1918/ after a quarter century of work.
In addition,/ he tirelessly fought to restore Yoshinobu’s
prestige,// and at Shibusawa’s urging/ the Meiji government in 1902 beckoned Yoshinobu from exile and made him a duke.
《urgingは名詞、the Meijigovernment=S, beckoned・made=V,
Yoshinobu・him=O》
urging=強い勧め
《例》The original station was restored
at the strong urging of local residents.
その駅は地域住民
の強い要望により復元されました。

 resolve =~を決心する 《名》決心、決意(decision)、決断(determination)
 
one-time =かつての(former)、1回限りの
 vi
tal =活気のある、極めて重要な(crucial)
 at one's expense=at the expense of O =~の費用で、~を犠牲にして
 biography =伝記 (本人以外が書いた) (autobiography =自伝)

 prestige =プレスティージ=名声、威光
 beck
on=ベクンヌ=~手招きする、招き寄せる
 ex
ile=追放、流刑
 duke =デューク=公爵 (duke>marquess侯爵>earl伯爵>viscount子爵>baron男爵)

Inoue describes the significance of Shibusawa’s biography:
“The work was not only a story of Yoshinobu,/ but of the tumultuous period/ leading up to and directly following the Meiji Restoration.
《直訳》 仕事は慶喜の話だけではありませんでした/無秩序な時代の話でもありました/明治維新に向かう、そして直接明治維新に続く(時代の)
(=before and just after the Meiji Restration)。 《2つのofが同格》

Shibusawa was not
immune to the changes/ that were taking place at the time,/ but he remained loyal at heart.
I think// the vast time and resources/ he spent collecting and
sifting through mountains of documents/ is testament to the firmness of his thoughts and convictions.(think の後の名詞節内のs'v'の「v'=is」というのが重要!)
 tumultuous =チューるチュアス=騒々しい、無秩序な
 immune
=イミューンヌ=《形》免疫のある (to~に)
 at heart =deep down at heart =心の底では、《正式》実際は
 sift =~をふるいにかける、区別する、を厳密に調べる
 testament =遺言(書)、聖書、(~の)証拠(to)

Shibusawa’s legacy of promoting public welfare/ is best
showcased by his involvement at Tokyo Yōikuin (東京養育院/現在の東京都健康長寿医療センター),/ a facility/ that supported orphans, elderly, and the disabled.
He first became involved with the institute in 1874,/ helping improve operations /before taking over as director in 1876.
He went on to hold the post/ for more than half a century/ until his death.
 be showcased =《通例受け身》展示される、披露される 《新聞用語》

“His long
tenure as director of Tokyo Yōikuin/ greatly influenced Shibusawa,”/ says Inoue.
“Early in his career/ he believed// that a strengthened Japanese economy/ would raise all boats.
But in reality/ it had the opposite effect.
Disparity increased,/ and as more people were left behind/ the need for social welfare projects grew.
Shibusawa saw the darker side of private enterprise firsthand,/ and it stirred him to support social
initiatives.
While he is known for promoting capitalism,/ he didn’t call it that,/ preferring to use the term
collectivism.”
 tenure =ニャー
=保有(期間/権)、在職《期間)
 disparity =ディスパリティ=不同、不等(inequality)、相違(difference)
 initiative =イシャティぶ=主導権、(事態改善の)戦略
 collectivism =集産主義/ colletive=集合的な、共同体、集団企業体


Shibusawa’s Humanism
渋沢の人道主義

Along with Tokyo Yōikuin,/ Shibusawa was involved with a variety of other health and welfare institutions,/ including Hakuaisha (博愛社),/ the forerunner of the Japanese Red Cross (日本赤十字社).
In the wake of the Great Kantō Earthquake (関東大震災)in 1923/ he helped establish and run an organization/ to involve private citizens/ in relief and recovery efforts.
Undaunted by age,/ he remained active/ in different projects late into his life.
 undaunted =アン゙ーンテッドゥ=《形》恐れない、くじけない
 be daunted =《通例受身》気力をくじかれる (be discouraged)


Shibusawa had a great interest/ in promoting business and women’s education.
He set up Japan’s first trade school,/ which later became the
prestigious Hitotsubashi University (商法講習所→東京商科大学→一橋大学).
He also served in such positions/ as head the Tokyo Jogakkan School (東京女学館)for Women and Japan Women’s University (日本女子大学).
 prestigious =プレスティージャス=名声のある、有名な

Private sector
diplomacy/ is another aspect of Shibusawa’s legacy.
Shibusawa was especially influential/ in mending relationships between Japan and the United States/ following a
rift opened by the Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争) of 1904–5.
Alarmed by the growing discrimination/ directed at Japanese immigrants to the United States,// the US Committee on World Friendship Among Children (万国児童親交会委員/世界児童親善会) in 1927/ sent some 12,000 “friendship dolls”/ collected from around the country/ to Japan.
As chairman of the Japanese chapter of the organization, /Shibusawa accepted the gifts/ and sent 58 Japanese dolls in return.

 diplomacy =ディプウマスィ=外交、外交術 (diploma=卒業証書、賞状、公文書)
 rift =亀裂、対立(disagreement)