2）Learn about Indonesia/ インドネシアについて学ぼう
　　…中学生（英検3級以上）～大人向け　/　2014年8月作成

○×問題　　　　　　　　　　= True or False Question
３択（多肢選択式の）問題 = Multiple Choice Question
　
　ここでは、〇×問題や３択問題の英語での説明のやり方も書いていきます。「Indonesia」の部分を置き換えることで、いろいろなゲームを作れるでしょう。ひな型があれば、簡単ですし、楽しくて身になる（？）ゲームをたくさん作って、英会話力と知識向上につなげてみてください！
　ゲーム自体は、会話力というより、リスニング力向上に向いています

About Indonesia; (mostly from Wikipedia)

　Indonesia has the area of 1,919,000km² (fifteenth in the world and 5 times as large as that of Japan) and has the population of 247,000,000 in 2012 (fourth in the world and about 2 times of Japan. 　《Japan has 378,000km² and 127,000,000 population.》

＊《訳》インドネシアは、191.9万ｋｍ²（世界で15番目、日本のそれの5倍の大きさ）の面積を持ってます。そして、2012年に2億4千7百万（世界で4番目、日本の訳2倍）の人口を持っています。

　Indonesia consists of hundreds of distinct native　ethnic and linguistic groups. The largest and politically dominant ethnic group are the Javanese. A shared identity has developed, defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it.
*distinct=別個の＝different　　
*pluralism=ﾌﾟるｱりｽﾞﾑ＝社会的多元主義
*rebellion=ﾘﾍﾞりｵﾝﾇ＝反乱、暴動

*《訳》インドネシアは何百もの別個の土着民族と言語族から成り立っています。最大で政治的に優勢な民族はジャワ人です。共有されたアイデンティティーが発達しています。/,それは１つの国語、民族の多様性、宗教的多元主義によって定義されています。/多数派のイスラム教徒の中にありますが。/さらに、植民地主義と、それに対する反乱の歴史（によっても定義されて→によっても確立されてきました）。

　Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country.
*articulate=ｱｰﾃｨｷｭれｲﾄｩ＝を（はっきり）表明する

《解説》Bhinneka Tunggal Ika＝「多様性の中の統一」（「多い、けれども1つ」）という意味で、このインドネシアの国としてのスローガンが、多様性を維持したまま、多民族国家に国家的統一をもたらすためのイデオロギーになったと言われています。

　A tourist guide gave me some examples relating to this motto. Many Chinese living in Indonesia changed their names into ones like Indonesians. That used to be somewhat mandatory. It seems to be unusual in other countries. What do you think about it?


　Now, please find out the right answer from multiple choices.

1)It takes about seven and half hours from Narita to Jakaruta, Indonesia.
　Then how long is the time difference between Japan and Jakaruta?

1. 1 hour
2. 2 hours
3. 3 hours

2) I went to Yogyakaruta from Jakaruta by plane (about 1-hour-fright).
　As soon as I got there, about nine o'clock in the evening, I found something special. What is it?

1. There were so many skyscrapers.
2. There were so many balloons along the streets, in front of almost every house.
3. There were so many motorbikes on the streets.

3) Yogyakaruta is unique in its composition of the population.　
　*《訳》人口構成においてユニークです。
　What is it?

1. One-third of population consists of students.　　　　　
   *《訳》人口の１/３は、～で構成されている。
2. One-third of population consists of civil servants.
3. One-third of population consists of foreigners.

4) The way of electing the mayor of Yogyakaruta is also unique.
　*《訳》ジョグジャカルタ市長の選び方はもユニークです。
　Why?

1. Because its mayor is appointed by the President of Indonesia.
   　*《訳》なぜならば、その市長は、インドネシアの大統領によって指名されるからです。
2. Because its mayor is elected among civil servants (《米》public servants).
3. Because its mayor is elected among the sulatan's (king's) family.
   ＊sultan＝ｻるﾀﾝﾇ＝スルタン（イスラム教国の君主）

☆ Yogyakaruta has two world heritage sites, Borobudur and Prambanan.
*《訳》ジョグジャカルタは、2つの世界遺産を持っています。（それは）ﾎﾞﾛﾌﾞﾄﾞｩｰﾙとﾌﾟﾗﾝﾊﾞﾅﾝ（です）。

☆Borobudur is a Mahayana Buddhist Temple in Central Java, Indonesia.
*《訳》ﾎﾞﾛﾌﾞﾄﾞｩｰﾙはインドネシアのジャワ中部の大乗仏教寺院です。
*Mahayana=ﾏﾊﾔｰﾅ＝大乗仏教

　Built from the 8th to 9th century (780AD-833AD, the era of Kuuka in Japan) during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty, the temple was designed in Javanese Buddhist architecutre, which blends the Indonesian indigenous cult of ancestor worship and the Buddhist concept of attaining Nirvana.
*dynasty=ﾀﾞｲﾅｽﾃｨ＝王朝
*indigenous=ｲﾝﾃﾞｨｼﾞﾅｽ＝固有の、現地の
*cult=ｶﾙﾄｩ=宗派
*Nirvana=ﾆｱばﾅｧ=涅槃（ねはん）、解脱　≒　enlightenment=悟り
*《訳》8世紀から9世紀（780AD～833AD、日本では空海の時代）に建てられ/シャイレーンドラ王朝の治世の間に、/その寺は、ジャワ仏教建築でデザインされました。そしてそれは、先祖崇拝のインドネシア現地の宗派と解脱を得るという（←得ることの）仏教概念を混ぜ合わせています。

　Worldwide knowledge of its existence was sparked in 1814 by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, then the British ruler of Java, who was advised of its location by native Indonesians.
*《訳》その存在の世界的な知識は（→存在が世界的に知られるようになるのは）トーマス・スタンフォード・ラッフル卿によって、1814年に（突然）引き起こされました。（→もたらされました。）/(彼は）その時、ジャワの英国人統治者（* ジャワ総督代理）で、/原住民のインドネシア人達によって、その位置について助言を受けていました。


5)Now where is Borobudur located ?　(What kind of place does Borobudur stand in or on?)

1. It stands on a hill.
2. It stands on the flat land surrounded by rice field.
3. It stands in the forest.

6)In 2010 Borobudur suffered the severe disaster. What was that?

1. The lightning struck the tallest stupa and it was damaged.
2. An earthquake struck Yogyakarta and precious relief panels fell down.
3. It was covered with ash from Mt. Merapi which erupted in that year.

☆Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple site in Indonesia built in 9th century.

　In the center of Prambanan complex stands the Shiva temple, the tallest and largest structure there, measuring 47 meters tall and 34 meters wide.


7) After enjoying the main part of Prambanan, I saw the amazing scene in the huge vacant field behind the main part of Prambanan. What do you think that was?

1. The field was filled with motor bikes.
2. The field was filled with garbage and trash.
3. The field was filled with stones and rocks like debris. 　　
   *debris=ﾃﾞﾌﾞﾘｰ､ﾃﾞﾌﾞﾘｰ=瓦礫

☆It takes about one and half hours from Yogyakarta to Denpasar in Bali.
Unlike most of Muslim-majority Indonesia, about 83.5% of Bali's population adheres to Balinese Hinduism, formed as a combination of existing local beliefs and Hindu influences from mainland Southeast Asia and South Asia.
*adhere to=ｱﾄﾞﾋｱｰ=～を固守する、～をかたくなに信奉する


8)The Mother Temple of Besakih　is the most important, the largest and holiest temple of Hindu religion in Bali. 　It is in the village of Besakih in eastern Bali on the slopes of active volcano, Mount Agung ( 3,031m) which last erupted in 1963-1964.
Perched nearly 1000 meters up the side of Gunung Agung, it is an extensive complex of 23 separate but related temples.

Now which choice is right?

1. Tourists can use the parking lots close to the Mother Temple of Besakih while Hindu who come to worship have to use ones 1km away from the temple.
2. Tourists are prohibited to go inside the temple and just allowed to look around.
3. Each tourist has to prepare an offering, a small plate with a bit of flower petals and sweets, as most Balinese do every day.
   

9) Now let's do "true or false questions" They are from what I saw and what I heard from an Indonesian guide in 2014.

1. .At the beach in Bali, I found something good for Sushi. I found many on and under rocks.
   It is sea urchin not prawn.　　（車えび ではなく ウニ）
   
   
2. About motor bikes; maximum 3 persons are permitted to ride on a motor bike in Indonesia.
   
   
3. About motor bikes; they don't need to wear helmets in Indonesia.
   
   
4. About cars; they have to return their driver's license when they become 60.
   
   
5. About traffic rules; maximum speed is not set in Indonesia.
   
   
6. In Java they use water buffalos for farming even now.
   
   
7. In Java they keep civet cats to get furs.
   *civet cat=ｽｨﾋﾞｯﾄｩ　ｷｬｯﾂ=ジャコウネコ

　　　　　　　　　　　 　　


第4章　和文英訳・英語を話せるようになるための英作文へ



第6章　カテゴリー別・英語のまとめ/Gameに戻るへ