以下、日本文化や日本特有の物の、英語での紹介文です。スラッシュリーディングを参考に、英文の直訳を念頭に置きながら、何度も読んで暗記してしまいましょう。はじめは直訳を見て、英文が出てくるように、最終的に、何も見ないで英文が出てくるようにしましょう。


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 躙り口(にじりぐち)  式年遷宮   幽玄(ゆうげん) 

 浮世絵    数え年   日本三大祭り   五街道



躙り口 にじりぐち
(通訳案内士試験2014・模範解答より) 
     英文 1.This is a small entrance to the tea room, and the size is about sixty centimeter square and the height is slightly larger than the width.

2.Regardless of individual levels of wealth, power and influence , each person must stoop to enter the tea room.

3.It is considered that this stooping makes all the gusests equals in the tea room.

直訳

解説
1.This is a small entrance/ to the tea room, /and the size is about sixty centimeter square/ and the height is slightly larger/ than the width.
.これは小さな入り口です/茶室への。/そして大きさは約60cm平方です/そして高さはわずかに、より広い(→長い)です/幅よりも。
*square=スクァ=四角(の)、二乗の、平方の、
6 square centimeters=6cm²
*height=イトゥ=高さ  *width=ウトゥす=幅、広さ


2.Regardless of individual levels/ of wealth, power and influence ,// each person must stoop/ to enter the tea room.

個人のレベル〔程度〕に関係なく/富、権力、そして影響力の、//おのおのの人は身をかがめなければなりません/茶室に入るために。
*regardless of~=リ゙ードれス=~にかまわず、関係なく
*stoop=ストゥープゥ=身をかがめる


3.It is considered/ that this stooping makes all the gusests equals/ in the tea room.

次のことが考えられています/この身をかがめることは、すべての客人を対等の人にすると/茶室の中で。
*It~thatの構文 *equal=イーコーる=平等の、C/対等の人

  式年遷宮 しきねんせんぐう
(通訳案内士試験2014・模範解答より)

JUTO/Ise Jingu/伊勢神宮
     英文 1.This is a reconstruction/ of the Shinto Shrine.
これは、再建です/神道の神社の。

2.It takes place every several years/ whether the shrine is in need of repair or not, /and the enshrined object is transferred/ from the old to the new.
それは数年に1度、行われます/神社が、修繕を必要としていようといまいと。/そして、祀られた物は移されます/古いものから新しいものへと。

3.The original design of the shrine has never changed.

4.For example, the Ise Shrine is razed and rebuilt every twenty years, and it was reconstructed in 2013.

5.This practice is carried out in order to preserve tradition, and as a result, the Ise Shrine stands today the same as that of 1,200 years ago.
  直訳

解説
1.This is a reconstruction/ of the Shinto Shrine.

*reconstruction=リコンストクションヌ=再建、復元されたもの、立て直し

2.It takes place every several years/ whether the shrine is in need of repair or not, /and the enshrined object is transferred/ from the old to the new.
*take place=起きる、行われる *be in need of=~を必要とする
*enshrine=エンシュラインヌ=~を〔宮に〕まつる、安置する
*transfer=トランスァー=~を移す、移動させる


3.The original design of the shrine has never changed.
神社のもともとのデザインは決して変わってきませんでした。

4.For example,/ the Ise Shrine is razed and rebuilt/ every twenty years, /and it was reconstructed in 2013.

たとえば、/伊勢神宮は取り壊され、建て替えられます/20年ごとに。/そしてそれは、2013年に再建されました。
*raze=イズ=取り壊す

5.This practice is carried out/ in order to preserve tradition,/ and as a result,/ the Ise Shrine stands today/ the same as that of 1,200 years ago.
この慣行は遂行されます/伝統を守るために/伝統を維持するために/そして、その結果として/伊勢神宮は今日建っています/1200年前のそれと同じように。
*practice=慣行、やり方(≒custom)
*carry out=~を行う(perform)、~を遂行する(excute)
*in order to=to 不定詞=~のために
*preserve=プリザーぶ=~を取っておく、保存(物)、保護区
be well preserved=良く保存されている→修理が行き届いている
preserve tradition=伝統を維持する≒maintain a tradition≒keep up a tradition =伝統を守る tradition=(UC)伝統、慣習、流儀
hand down the national tradition from generation to generation
=国の伝統を世代から世代へ引き継ぐ
  幽玄 (ゆうげん) 
(通訳案内士試験2015・模範解答より)
  英文 1.It is an aesthentic ideal describing an ambiance of mystery, darkness, depth, elegance, ambiguity, calm, transience and sadness.

2.The quality of this ideal is sought in
noh, and Izutsu, Hagoromo, and Yuya are said to express it most clearly.
  直訳

解説
1.It is an aesthentic ideal/ describing an ambiance /of mystery, darkness, depth, elegance, ambiguity, calm, transience and sadness.
それは美学の理想です/雰囲気を描写する(理想)/神秘、暗さ、深さ、優雅さ〔気品〕、曖昧さ、静けさ、はかなさ、そして悲しみの(雰囲気を)。
*aesthentic=エスティックゥ=美的な、審美的な、美学
*ambiance=ambience=ンビアンスゥ=周囲の環境、雰囲気
*ambiguity=アンビギュイティ =曖昧さ、多様性
*transience=トンシャンスゥ=一時的だあること、はかなさ

   浮世絵 (Ukiyoe art)
1.Ukiyo-e is a genre of Japanese wood block prints (or woodcuts) and paintings principally produced between the 17th and the 20th centuries.

2.It features motifs of landscapes, tales from history, Kabuki actors and Sumo wrestlers, etc.

3.The technique of printing from blocks of wood was introduced to Japan in the 8th century from China.

4.The Term Ukiyo-e literally means "pictures of the floating world."

5.Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849) is best known as author of the woodblock print series
Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji which includes the internationally iconic print, The Great Wave (off Kanagawa), created during the 1820s.

6.If you are interested in Hokusai, I would like you to go to Hokusai-kan in Obuse, Nagano prefecture.
Hokusai created a collection of original paintings in Obuse.
He visited the city four times before he passed away at the age of 90.
Surprisingly, his first visit to Obuse was made at the age of 83.
He walked more than 300km at that time.


7. Ando Hiroshige (1797-1858) is also known for his landscapes, such as the series The Fifty-three Stations of the Tokaido. Hiroshige's approach was more poetic and ambient than Hokusai's bolder, more formal prints.
解説 1.Ukiyo-e is a genre of Japanese wood block prints (or woodcuts) and paintings /principally produced between the 17th and the 20th centuries.
genre=ジャンラ=ジャンル、様式
wood block print=woodcut=木版画 wood block=woodcut=木版

principally=prin.=主に=chiefly

2.It features motifs /of landscapes, tales from history, Kabuki actors (歌舞伎役者)and Sumo wrestlers(相撲力士), etc.
feature=~を特集する、~の特徴を描く
motif=モウティーふ=主題、テーマ=theme

3.The technique of printing from blocks of wood/ was introduced to Japan in the 8th century from China.

4.The Term Ukiyo-e/ literally means "pictures of the floating world."
literally =タラりィ=文字通りに

5.Katsushika Hokusai (葛飾北斎1760-1849) is best known as author of the woodblock print series /Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (富嶽三十六景)/which includes the internationally iconic print, /The Great Wave (off Kanagawa) (神奈川沖浪裏), /created during the 1820s.
iconic=アイニックゥ=類型的な、アイコン的な≒symbolic=象徴的な

6.I would like you to go to Hokusai-kan (北斎館)/in Obuse (小布施), Nagano prefecture (長野県).

Hokusai created a collection of original paintings in Obuse.
original paintings=肉筆画

He visited the city four times /before he passed away /at the age of 90.

Surprisingly, /his first visit to Obuse /was made at the age of 83.

He walked more than 300km at that time.

7. Ando Hiroshige (安藤広重1797-1858) is also known for his landscapes, such as the series The Fifty-three Stations of the Tokaido (東海道五十三次)

Hiroshige's approach was more poetic, serene and ambient than Hokusai's bolder, more formal prints.

serene=サーンヌ=(文)うららかな、穏やかな=calm
ambient=ンビエントゥ=(文)周囲の、全体の
数え年
 英文 Kazoe-doshi is a way of calculating age, in which children are said to be “one” at birth and then they gain a year on each lunar New Year's Day.
 直訳

解説
Kazoe-doshi is a way of calculating age, /in which children are said to be “one” at birth/ and then they gain a year on each lunar New Year's Day.

数え年は、年齢の数え方のひとつです。/そこでは子供たちは、生まれた時に1歳になると言われ/その後、彼らは、1歳ずつ年を取ります。/毎年太陰暦の元旦に。
日本三大祭り Festivals
   英文 1.Three major festivals in Japan are Gion (Kyoto, Yasaka Shrine), Tenjin (Osaka, Tenmangu Shrine), and Kanda (Tokyo, Kanda Myojin Shrine).

2.Gion Matsuri, (Kyoto, Yasaka Shrine):
The Gion festival is held every year in the middle of July.
The highlights of the festival are the
parade of decorated festive floats over 6-meters tall, playing music from their upper floors.
There are also the
festivities during the evenings before the parade. These floats are so gorgeous that they are sometimes even described as "mobile art museums."

3.Tenjin Matsuri (Osaka, Tenmangu Shrine):
The Tenjin festival is a summer festival held in July at the Tenmangu Shrine.
It
is dedicated to Sugawara Michizane (the god of learning and art).
One of the highlights of the festival is a parade of thousands of people
dressed in the imperial-court style of the 8th-12th centuries, walking beside a potable shrine called Mikoshi.
The other highlight is the boat procession. People
board about one hundred boats and row up Yodogawa River.

4.Kanda Matsuri (Tokyo, Kanda Myojin Shrine):
The Kanda festival is held at the Kanda shrine every year in mid-May.
The procession of potable shrines is the main attraction.
A procession of 300 people and 100 potable shrines parade through the town.
The festival is high-
spirited and is said to reveal the essence of Edo (a former name of Tokyo) today.
 解説 1.Three major festivals in Japan/ are Gion (Kyoto, Yasaka Shrine), /Tenjin (Osaka, Tenmangu Shrine),/ and Kanda (Tokyo, Kanda Myojin Shrine).

2.Gion Matsuri, (Kyoto, Yasaka Shrine):
The Gion festival is h
eld every year/ in the middle of July.
The highlights of the festival/ are the parade of decorated festive floats over 6-meters tall, /playing music from their upper floors.
There are also the festivities/ during the evenings before the parade.
These floats are so gorgeous/ that they are sometimes even described /as "mobile art museums.
"

parade=パイドゥ=(名CU)行列、行進、見せびらかし (動)~を行進する、行進する  *parade the twon in one's new uniform=新しい制服を着て町を行進する
procession=プロッションヌ=(名)行列、行進 (動)~を行列して行く  A triumphal procession paraded through Rome.=凱旋パレードがローマを通って行きました。
march=(名CU)行進、進軍、デモ行進 (動)行進する、(兵士など)を行進させる  march along the street=通りを行進する  march three miles=3マイル行進する
festive=ふェスティぶ=(形)祭りの、お祭り気分の  a festive mood=お祭り気分  the festive season=お祭り気分の季節、クリスマス時期
festivity=ふェスティびティ=(U)浮かれ騒ぎ (C)祭り、祝い (-ies)祝いの行事
float=ふウトゥ=(名C)(パレードなどの)山車だし、(動)浮く


3.Tenjin Matsuri (Osaka, Tenmangu Shrine):
The Tenjin festival is a summer festival /held in July at the
Tenmangu Shrine.
It is dedicated to Sugawara Michizane /(the god of learning and art).
One of the highlights of the festival/ is a parade of thousands of people/ dressed in the imperial-court style of the 8th-12th centuries, /walking beside a potable shrine called Mikoshi.
The other highlight is the boat procession.
People board
about one hundred boats and row up Yodogawa River.

be dedicated to =~に奉納される、~に捧げられる dedicate=デディケイトゥ
dressed in the imperial-court style =宮中装束を身に着ける
board=ボードゥ=~に乗り込む


4.Kanda Matsuri (Tokyo, Kanda Myojin Shrine):
The Kanda festival is held at the Kanda shrine/ every year in mid-May.
The procession of potable shrines/ is the main attraction.
A procession of 300 people and 100 potable shrines/ parade through the town.
The festival is high-
spirited /and is said to reveal the essemce of Edo (a former name of Tokyo) today.

spirited=スピリティッドゥ=(形・誉め言葉)威勢のいい、活発な⇔spiritless

 和訳
(意訳)
日本の三大祭りは、祇園祭(京都市、八坂神社)、天神祭(大阪市、大阪天満宮)、神田祭(東京都、神田明神)です。

祇園祭:祇園祭りは、毎年7月中旬に開催されます。祭りのハイライトは高さ6メートルの飾られた山車(だし)と、その上から奏でられるお囃子(はやし)、そして前夜祭。祭で出される山車はその豪華さから“動く美術館”の異名も聞かれるほどです。

天神祭:天神祭は7月に開催される夏祭りで、学問と芸術の神である菅原道真を祭る天満宮のもの。祭りのハイライトは、8世紀から12世紀の宮中装束の人々が神輿と歩く姿と、それから舟の行列。100艘もの舟が淀川を上っていくものです。

神田祭:神田祭りは、神田神社で毎年5月中旬に開催されます。神輿の祭り行列がそのメイン。100台もの神輿が集結して、300人もの人が練り歩きます。神田祭りは活気があり、今でも江戸(東京の前の名前)の華と呼ばれています。
五街道 
 

The Five Routes

Nihonbashi's highway distance marker, marking the beginning of the five routes
The Tōkaidō in 1865

All five routes started at Nihonbashi in Edo. From that point, each road linked the capital with other parts of the country.

Tōkaidō
The Tōkaidō had 53 stations and ran along the Pacific coast, connecting with Kyoto.[4] Once it reached Kusatsu-juku, it shared its route with the Nakasendō.
Nakasendō
The Nakasendō (also often called the Kisokaidō) had 69 stations and ran through the center of Honshū, connecting with Kyoto. The Nakasendō's Shimosuwa-shuku served as the end point for the Kōshū Kaidō. Also, the Nakasendō merged with the Tōkaidō at Kusatsu-juku.[5]
Kōshū Kaidō
The Kōshū Kaidō had 44 stations, connecting with Kai Province (Yamanashi Prefecture), before ending at the Nakasendō's Shimosuwa-shuku.[6]
Ōshū Kaidō
The Ōshū Kaidō had 27 stations, connecting with Mutsu Province (Fukushima Prefecture). There were subroutes that connected to other places of northern Japan, too.[7]
Nikkō Kaidō
The Nikkō Kaidō had 21 stations, connecting with Nikkō Tōshō-gū in modern-day Tochigi Prefecture.[8]
  station post=旅籠
 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
     
   
     
     
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     



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